Category: Consumer Debt

In the next few months, many consumers could find that their local businesses have imposed minimum purchase amounts when they choose to pay with their credit card.

According to a report from Cleveland television station WEWS, the latest credit card reform laws included a provision that will stop credit card lenders from preventing businesses setting minimum purchase amounts. In the past, issuers didn’t allow these minimums so they could continue to make money from interchange fees, which could climb as high as 5 percent of the purchase price.

The report said that by establishing these minimums, businesses are able to offset the cost of these interchange fees. To make up for minimums, and to keep customers who prefer to take on credit card debt, businesses may also start offering discounts to customers who make their payments using cash or their debit cards.

If small businesses were not allowed to offset the cost of these interchange fees with minimums, or by raising prices, many say they would lose tens of thousands of dollars a year.

As consumers approach and then pass middle age, they are less likely to know how to deal with credit card debt, a study has found.

According to a new study from Boston College’s Center for Retirement Research,consumers make the best decisions when it comes to paying off their credit card debt with a balance transfer from one card to another when they are between the ages of 35 and 44.

The study surveyed consumers in five age groups – 18 to 24, 25 to 34, 35 to 44, 45 to 64 and over 65 – and asked them how they would reduce credit card debt that they had just transferred from one credit card to another with a low introductory rate. About a third of all respondents immediately provided the best answer, which was to make new purchases on the old card while paying off the debt on the new card.

The age group with the most "immediate eureka moments" was that of the 35- to 44-year-olds, who responded correctly over 40 percent of the time. The next-best group was 25 to 34, who were barely under 40 percent. The group with the fewest immediate correct responses was "over 65," which came in just over 20 percent.

The report said that the corresponding data for those who had "no eureka" exhibited the opposite pattern, with the youngest and oldest age groups exhibiting higher percentages, and troughing with the 35- to 44-year-olds. This, the report said, indicates "that the greatest frequency of confusion occurs among younger and older adults." In all, a little more than a third of all respondents never arrived at the correct conclusion.

The study found that the remaining one-third of respondents come to the correct decision after one or more billing cycles, when they discover they are paying "surprisingly high" interest rates. After these consumers had their "eureka moment," they always changed strategies to the correct one rather than continue on making purchases with their new card.

Consumers should also be aware that credit card issuers often charge a fee for a balance transfer, meaning that consumers should do some number crunching before making such a transaction. Occasionally, the amount they pay for their fee outweighs any subsequent payments toward interest they would have made.

The number of Americans who were forced to file for bankruptcy protection rose in July for the first time in months, which kicked off the second half of the year on a down note.

According to the National BankruptcyResearch Center, there were 137,698 filings across the country in the July. That number is a nine percent increase from the total posted in June, as well as over the same month last year. Further, if the number of consumers who seek protection from their creditors continues on its current pace, the nationwide total of filings will top 1.6 million, a significant increase from the 1.4 million last year. At the time, that was the most bankruptcy petitions filed since the country revamped its laws in 2005, which made it more difficult for consumers to do away with their debt.

The Wall Street Journal’s report on the figures said that one of the largest contributing factors to the increase in bankruptcies is that credit issuers have tightened restrictions on the type of consumers they will lend to, and as a result more consumers had trouble paying debts.

"They can no longer borrow to stave off the day of reckoning," Robert Lawless, a University of Illinois law professor, told the newspaper.

The report said that this renewed vigor with which consumers are filing for bankruptcy has cast serious doubt on whether the 2005 law changes have been effective, as filings are once again returning to the levels seen in the early and mid-2000s. However, it mentions that the number of filings could decline slightly in the next few years if consumers who are shut off from additional lines of credit can’t amass more debt.

The report also noted that many states in the Southern U.S. have unusually high rates of filing. Ronald Mann, a Columbia University law professor, found that six of the 10 counties across the country with the highest bankruptcy rates are located in suburban Atlanta. Filings in Hawaii, California, Arizona and Utah have all climbed more than 30 percent over the rates seen a year ago.

The NRBC report also said that 75 percent of all bankruptcy filings in July were under Chapter 7, which allows for liquidation, rather than Chapter 13, which requires consumers to pay back a portion of their debt over a period of three to five years.

A new study has found that the national recession has changed the way consumers obtain and pay off their credit card debt considerably over the last three years.

According to a new report from the credit monitoring bureau Experian, the nationwide number of new credit card accounts that have been opened in the last three years declined 26 percent. In addition, the way consumers have used their lines of credit has also changed dramatically.

"This implies that many American consumers are relying less on cards and potentially trying to pay down debt," said Michele Raneri, Experian’s senior director of analytics.

The study also looked at how consumers in the nation’s 20 largest metropolitan areas used their credit, and found that New Yorkers carry the most cards – 3.77 on average – of anyone in the country. Pittsburgh residents, meanwhile, came in second, with 3.6 per person.

Many consumers may have found it easier to reduce their total debt as a result of the Credit Card Accountability, Responsibility and Disclosure Act, which was designed to help consumers manage their credit more wisely.

A new study has found that the number of times a consumer uses their debit card to make a purchase every month, and how much they spend on them, is closely related to their credit score.

According to a study from MasterCard, which also cited third-party findings from Lightspeed Research, the lower a consumer’s credit score, the more likely they are to use their debit card more frequently every month in lieu of taking on credit card debt.

The study said that consumers whose credit score is considered "subprime" – or below 650 – are far more likely to use their debit card to make purchases. These borrowers use their debit card to make an average of 28 purchases per month, and spend $860. This use makes up 73 percent of all their spending on cards.

Consumers whose credit card companies consider them simply "prime" – those with scores between 650 and 720 – use their debit cards less often, the study found. They make just 20 purchases per month on average, and spend $618.

The study also found that consumers with the best credit scores – those above 720, which are considered "superprime" – use their debit cards with even less frequency. These borrowers make an average of 11 purchases a month on debit, and spend just $324 on them. Standing in stark contrast to their subprime counterparts, these borrowers use credit to make 72 percent of all their card purchases.

Despite the wide-ranging disparity in debit card usage per month, however, the study found that the total number of debit transactions has increased considerably, and across the board, over time. Between the fourth quarter of 2008 and the same period a year later, the amount of debit purchases subprime borrowers made per month has increased 10 percent. That number rose 17 percent for prime consumers, and 12 percent for superprime. However, MasterCard found that these increases did not affect credit card usage for the most part, but rather that the rise in debit card spending cut into cash and check payments instead.

In recent years, as the economy worsened and credit card delinquencies rose, lenders made it more difficult for consumers with lower scores to obtain a line of credit, in some cases shutting them out completely. This trend may be one reason for their low usage among subprime borrowers.

While they look the same, and many cards bear the logos of major lenders, there is a huge difference between credit cards and charge cards.

Despite their cosmetic similarities, a charge card works in an entirely different way from their credit counterparts. According to a report on the consumer advice website Mint Life, they don’t have a monthly limit, and consumers can spend as much as they want on them until the card’s issuer cuts them off. Instead, these cards carry what is referred to as a "shadow limit," meaning that the company assesses on a case-by-case basis what a consumer’s upper boundary for spending is.

The other major difference between the two is that balances on charge cards must be paid off in full every month, allowing consumers to remain debt free, the report said. While this might be a pain for consumers, it is actually beneficial to them in the long-term because it both keeps spending down and never accumulates interest. As a result of this, however, these cards typically come with annual fees.

Credit cards, on the other hand, do have credit limits, the report said, and common ones for low-end cards typically range from a few hundred to a few thousand dollars. These cards don’t have to be paid off in full every month, but do carry annual interest rates on any debt that is still unpaid on the account’s balance. This type of card, unlike charge cards, typically don’t carry annual fees as a consequence, since consumers are giving the lender plenty of revenues in the form of interest payments.

Because of these characteristics, both cards have their own benefits and drawbacks, the report said. Because charge cards basically guarantee that a consumer can’t find themselves deeply in debt as a consequence of using them – since it has to be paid off every month – they’re a good way for a consumer to establish a solid credit history. However, with no credit limit, the part of their score that’s governed by how much they can borrow is basically non-existent. Credit cards obviously offer that aspect, but also come with the looming threat of the consumer incurring lots of debt.

Consumers may find that they benefit from having both types of card, which will allow them greater flexibility in finding a payment method that works for them.

Because it has been hemorrhaging money for months, the Federal Housing Authority announced it will begin to institute a minimum credit score for the homes it insures.

According to a report in the Wasington Post, the FHA will no longer insure mortgages for consumers who have faced credit problems and have a rating of less than 500 because it has seen the cash reserves it keeps to pay for "unexpected losses" evaporate to dangerously low levels in recent months.

The report said that in the past year and a half, the number of FHA-insured loans made up about 30 percent of all new single-family home purchase mortgages, an increase from just 3 percent in 2006. Similarly, about 20 percent of new refinances are also insured by the Authority. However, as the number of loans it insures rose, so too did its default rate, which cost it a significant amount of its reserve money.

The Post said that if the agency runs out of money, taxpayers will have to foot the bill for all the home loans that go bad. By instituting the minimum credit score of 500 for all borrowers, it is trying to insulate itself against the risk of running out of money while still maintaining its key role: keeping the housing market afloat.

According to the Post, not only will the FHA introduce a minimum, but it will also require all borrowers with a credit rating under 580 to have a higher down payment on their home than those that don’t. Currently, borrowers only have to put down 3.5 percent of the home’s total cost, but those with a score below 580 will have to pay 10 percent. This protection should help the Authority considerably, as the percentage of borrowers that are "seriously delinquent" was three times higher for those below that mark than those above it in January, the last month data was available.

However, many mortgage lenders have already been tightening restrictions, the report said. This is one reason that just 1 percent of current FHA-insured borrowers have scores below 580.

These new restrictions could be one reason that home sales have been so slow in recent months despite record lows in mortgage rates more or less across the board.

Credit card issuers have lost out on millions in profits as a result of the laws put in place by the Credit Card Accountability, Responsibility and Disclosure Act, which prohibited practices deemed excessive and harmful to consumers.

According to a report in the Dallas Morning News, however, those companies have made up some of those lost profits by exploiting loopholes in the Credit CARD Act. They are complying with requirements like the necessity of 45 days’ notice before changes to a credit card agreement, any payment made above the minimum be put toward the credit card debt with the highest interest rate, or those eliminating fees for going over a card’s credit limit. But at the same time, they’ve found new ways to drive revenues.

The report said that the Pew Safe Credit Cards Project has found that companies are still engaging in what it calls questionable practices, including sharp, unannounced rises in penalty interest rates.

"For the first time, we have seen credit card disclosures warning consumers that interest rates could go up as a penalty for certain actions, but not stating how high those rates could go," Nick Bourke, director of the project, told the paper.

Pew found that surcharge fees for cash advances also rose sharply between July 2009 and March of this year, the report said. The average increase for these charges rose by one-third, from 3 percent per transaction to 4 percent.

Consumers should be aware that any new card they sign up for now may come with an attractive introductory interest rate, which then increases significantly when that initial period ends. This practice may seem harmful as well, but because it was spelled out in the credit card’s initial agreement, it is perfectly legal under the new laws.

Customers of a major power company in Utah are being targeted in an identity theft scam that could cause them to rack up thousands in fraudulent credit card debt.

According to a report in the Salt Lake City newspaper the Deseret News, identity thieves are trying to rip off customers of Rocky Mountain Power by calling their homes posing as employees of the power company. The criminal typically asks for the customer’s credit card number to prevent an interruption of service at their home. Often, they say the reason for the problem is the customer’s last check did not include a signature.

"These calls are in no way associated with our company, and we want to make sure our customers are aware that anything that seems unusual is just that — unusual," Karen Gilmore, vice president of customer services for the company, told the paper.

Consumers should be aware that legitimate representatives of any company would never call to ask for credit card information. Businesses that do take sensitive financial information over the phone would typically have several safeguards in place to reassure consumers that they’re really with the company.

In recent months, many consumers may have found themselves hit with penalty rates and fees for a late payment, which has only added to their ever-mounting credit card debt. And while new Federal Reserve rules will soon be enacted to help alleviate the problem, two U.S. senators say they don’t go far enough.

According to a report from the Associated Press, Senators Charles Schumer of New York and Tom Harkin of Iowa wrote a letter to Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, urging him to add extra rules that would prevent credit card companies from hitting consumers who are behind on payments with exorbitant penalty rates.

"Credit card companies can still double or triple the interest rate when a consumer falls two months behind on payments," they wrote.

The senators say that if the new rules, which go into effect on August 22, are not altered to comply with their request, they will seek legislation to compel the Fed to change them, the AP reported.

While these rules do not govern penalty rates, they do prevent credit card companies from charging excessive penalty fees.